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Art theft is an ancient and complicated crime. When you look at the some of the most famous cases of art thefts in history, you see thoroughly planned operations that involve art dealers, art fakers, mobsters, ransoms, and millions of dollars. Here you can read about some of the most famous cases of art theft in the history.

The First Theft

The first documented case of art theft was in 1473, when two panels of altarpiece of “The Last Judgment” by the Dutch painter Hans Memling were stolen. While the triptych was being transported by ship from the Netherlands to Florence, the ship was attacked by pirates who took it to the Gdansk cathedral in Poland. Nowadays, the piece is shown at the National Museum in Gdansk where it was then moved from the Basilica of the Assumption.

The Most Famous Theft

The most famous story of art theft involves one of the most famous paintings in the world and one of the most famous artists in history as a suspect. In the night of August 21, 1911, “The Mona Lisa” was stolen out of the Louvre. Soon after, Pablo Picasso was arrested and questioned by the police, but was released quickly.

It took about two years until the mystery was solved by the Parisian police. It turned out that the 3021 inch painting was taken by one of the museum employees by the name of Vincenzo Peruggia, who simply carried it hidden under his coat. Nevertheless, Peruggia did not work alone. The crime was carefully conducted by a notorious con man, Eduardo de Valfierno, who was sent by an art faker who intended to make copies and sell them as if they were the original painting.

While Yves Chaudron, the art faker, was busy creating copies for the famous masterpiece, “The Mona Lisa” was still hidden at Peruggia’s apartment. After two years in which Peruggia did not hear from Chaudron, he tried to make the best out of his stolen good. Eventually, Peruggia was caught by the police while trying to sell the painting to an art dealer from Florence, Italy. “The Mona Lisa” was returned to the Louvre in 1913.

The Biggest Theft in the USA

The biggest art theft in United States took place at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. On the night of March 18, 1990, a group of thieves wearing police uniforms broke into the museum and took thirteen paintings whose collective value was estimated at around $300 million. The thieves took two paintings and one print by Rembrandt, and works of Vermeer, Manet, Degas, Govaert Flinck, as well as a French and a Chinese artifact.

As of yet, none of the paintings have been found and the case is still unsolved. According to rumors, the FBI are investigating the possibility that the Boston Mob along with French art dealers are connected to the crime.

The Scream

The painting by Edvard Munchs, “The Scream,” is probably the most sought after painting by art thieves in history. It has been stolen twice and was recovered twice. In 1994, during the Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway, “The Scream” was stolen from an Oslo gallery by two thieves who broke through an open window, set off the alarm and left a note saying: “thanks for the poor security.”

Three months later, the holders of the painting approached the Norwegian Government with an offer: $1 million ransom for Edvard Munchs’ “The Scream.” The Government turned down the offer, but the Norwegian police collaborated with the British Police and the Getty Museum to organize a sting operation that brought back the painting to where it belongs.

Ten years later, “The Scream” was stolen again from the Munch Museum. This time, the robbers used a gun and took another of Munchs’ paintings with them. While Museum officials waiting for the thieves to request ransom money, rumors claimed that both paintings were burned to conceal evidence. Eventually, the Norwegian police discovered the two paintings on August 31, 2006 but the facts on how they were recovered are not known yet.